Let μ U and μ D be the magnetic moments of the Up and Down quarks, respectively. 3 up quarks and 3 down quarks 4. Abhay Deshpande, Richard Milner, Raju Venugopalan, and Werner Vogelsang Vol. The quarks are spin-half fermions, and are point-like. Quarks are supposedly the most fundamental building blocks of matter. Mesons are combinations of a quark and an antiquark. crossSectionTotalQED = 4*Pi*(SMP["alpha_fs"]^2/3/s) Leptons, are subject to the weak nuclear force (they do not feel the strong nuclear force). Measurement of parity violation in electron-quark scattering. The quarks are spin-half fermions, and are point-like. As far as I know, it is a fundamental particle so ⦠Like the other three, this is a ‘fundamental’ particle, meaning that they aren’t made of anything simpler. A quark is an electron pair containing a gluonic field whose phase in the center is pi / 2 shifted. It has long been considered to be a stable particle, but recent developments of grand unification models have suggested that it might decay with a half-life of about 10 32 years. 2. vor (flā′vər) n. 1. Beta minus decay is when an up quark turns into a down quark. Ok.. first of all the electrons are not made up of quarks.Proton is made up of quarks.Electrons are made up of leptons. ⢠From data on electron, muon, and neutrino scattering experiments over a large kinematic range, the picture of quark constituents of the nucleon became conclusive. There are six leptons in the present structure, the electron, muon, and tau particles and their associated neutrinos.The different varieties of the elementary particles are commonly called "flavors", and the neutrinos here are considered to have distinctly different flavor. Therefore the mass of a medium Down quark is 223.0033 electron masses. When the electron is released from the one of the down quarks, it leaves the up quark." This means the mass of a medium sized Strange quark would be 915.8616 electron masses. En physique des particules, un quark est une particule élémentaire et un constituant de la matière observable. 8 Probing the Proton: Electron - Proton Scattering Scattering of electrons and protons is an electromagnetic interaction. Since the neutron has no net electric charge, it is not affected by electric forces, but the neutron does have a slight distribution of electric charge within it. Why should a charged point particle be stable? 2 up quarks and 4 down quarks 3. ⢠Elastic Electron Scattering: Form Factors 60s: established nucleon has structure (Nobel Prize) electrical and magnetic distributions ⢠Resonance Excitations internal structure, rich spectroscopy (new particle search) constituent quark models ⢠Deep Inelastic Scattering 70s: established quark ⦠As they pierce through the larger particles, the high-energy electrons will interact with the internal microcosm to reveal unprecedented detailsâzooming in beyond the simplistic structure of three valence quarks bound by a mysterious force. The electron is a circulating electromagnetic wave with an internal twist as Moebius ribbon. We review the area of strange quark contributions to nucleon structure. The six varieties, or âflavours,â of quark have acquired the names up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom. A proton is made of two up quarks and a down quark; a neutron is made of two down quarks and an up quark. D-81677 München, Buschingstrasse 30, Germany, physics(a)ccaesar.com . Stable and Unstable Nuclei. This review presents the general formalism of parity-violating electron scattering, with emphasis on elastic electron-nucleon scattering. 1. Quark model is the different thing. As far as we know, the electron is a fundamental particle, i. e. it does not consist of other fundamental particles. In Quantum Mechanics (which is... treat the quark as a free particle! 1. hadrons 2. protons 3. neutrons 4. electrons 27. The proton and neutron structure functions F2p and F2n, respectively are fundamental to understanding many studies in nuclear physics. This energy produces an anticharm quark and a charm quark (step 4), which then split apart (steps 5 through 7). Proton. … Quark Composition: β + decay. The chiral structure of the effective electronâquark weak couplings C 2q isolates interactions beyond the standard model in which it is the chirality of the quarks that is ⦠2. Furthermore, I don't know about the electron. See, the electron, as we know, is the smallest unit unlike Dalton's theory that said atoms to be the smallest indivisible units. Quarks and electrons are the smallest things we know of and are called fundamental particles. Abstract The measurement of parity violation in the helicity dependence of electron-nucleon scattering provides unique information about the basic quark structure of the nucleons. No⦠electrons can be thought of as elementary particles themselves like quarksâ¦. Thatâs because they have no known components or substructure⦠Quar... Quark-Hadron Duality in Electron Scattering1 W. Melnitchouk Je erson Lab, 12000 Je erson Avenue, Newport News, VA 23606, and Special Research Centre for the Subatomic Structure of Matter, Adelaide University, Adelaide 5005, Australia Abstract. This conversion factor is the fine structure constant. The charm quark, charmed quark or c quark (from its symbol, c) is the third most massive of all quarks, a type of elementary particle.Charm quarks are found in hadrons, which are subatomic particles made of quarks. The electron is a closed loop vibrating string comparable to string theory. the structure of the proton, neutron or nucleus as a function of the quark or gluon momentum fraction (x) at a specific spatial resolution (Q2). So, finally, you may ask, which is larger - a quark, or an electron? This is caused by by its internal quark structure. neutron, the squared quark charges cannot add up to 0, so it is clear that local duality in inclusive inelastic electron scattering from a neutron must fail for Q2!0. Lattice QCD can provide ab initio QCD calculations of the moments of the structure functions. In a beta decay, a neutron (made of one up quark and two down quarks) can transform into a proton (made of two up quarks and one down quark), an electron, and an electron antineutrino. In an atomic nucleus, a proton is made up of two up quarks and one down quark, and a neutron is composed of one up quark and two down quarks⦠A proton. This shifts the question to the more elementary particles though. Quark Composition: β + decay. The Electron-Ion Collider will take three-dimensional precision snapshots of the internal structure of protons and atomic nuclei. The best evidence we have on what nuclei and nucleons actually look like comes from electron scattering. In terms of mass, the electron is smaller; its mass is roughly one fifth that of the lightest quark. Scattering of a relativistic electron by a pointlike spin 1/2 proton Similar to electron muon scattering from last Lecture Usually described in the Lab frame, where the proton is at rest: θ is the lab scattering angle of the electron pe is the incident electron beam momentum q2 is ⦠Dr. Christoph Caesar. electron; muon; neutrino; Links to other pages in this topic; Constituents of the Atom. The c quark has about 5% probability of decaying into a d quark instead of an s quark. There are theories suggesting that the electrons and quarks are not elementary particles, but instead are composite particles of two or more yet undiscovered elementary particles. The quarks are held together in the nucleus by the strong nuclear force. Give the equation that represents beta- decay. âquasi-freeâspin-½quark in the proton, i.e. 3. When three quarks are detected, there would be three electrons with spin and one undetected electron-positron combination that may affect one of the electrons, causing it to be the down quark in the arrangement. Phrase your question in a way that other people will find useful - a question is for the community - not just for you. I am answering this question using Gordonâs Theory of Everything. Some physicists and students of physics would probably cringe on reading my answe... Examples of hadrons containing charm quarks include the J/Ï meson ( J/Ï), D mesons ( D), charmed Sigma baryons ( Σ c), and other charmed particles. Arpad Horvath. Distinctive taste; savor: a flavor of smoke in bacon. Quora isn't designed to copy your homework questions verbatim in. An electron cannot be composed of quarks because quarks are affected by the strong nuclear force whereas an electron is not. Together, quarks and electrons combine to make atomsèhe quarks combine to form the protons and neutrons. The pi / 2 phase shift is that of a positron; it allows it to hide inside a neutron and produce a proton. Download PDF. In the last section, we learned how Heisenberg unified the proton and neutron into the nucleon, and that Yukawa proposed nucleons interact by exchanging pions. This review presents the general formalism of parity-violating Quarks donât really have color, but this model was developed to simplify the understanding of the quark arrangement. There are six types of quark (called flavours) but only two flavours go together to make a pion. the two mentioned particles, âquark upâ and âquark downâ, we will note the size of their charges which equals for the âquark upâ +2/3 times and for the âquark downâ -1/3 times the charge of the proton. Flows of electrons create electrical currents, while it’s the quantity and distribution of electrons around the outside of atoms that determine how they will behave chemically. Composition: Elementary particle: Statistics: Fermionic: Generation: 1st, 2nd, 3rd: Interactions: Electromagnetism, Gravitation, Weak: Symbol: â: Antiparticle: Antilepton (â) Types: 6 (electron, electron neutrino, muon, muon neutrino, tau, tau neutrino) Electric charge +1 e, ⦠Leptons are also fermions, and together with quarks make up matter. Recent experiments indicate that the gluonsâwhich carry the strong forceâmultiply and appear to linger within particles accelerated close t⦠anapole moment, electron scattering Abstract The measurement of parity violation in the helicity dependence of electron-nucleon scattering provides unique information about the basic quark struc-ture of the nucleons. o The Standard Model posits the Quark as the subunit of assembly of many particles in the Subatomic Zoo. CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): In this essay I propose a geometrical formula for a dimensionless magnetic monopole Ï con-structed from Planck time, elementary charge,-c and alpha, the fine structure constant. Quarks make up protons and neutrons, which, in turn, make up an atom's nucleus. For example, an electron can interchange its constituents with a quark or neutrino to transform into a quark (while a quark can turn into an electron). In terms of geometric size, to the best of our knowledge, they are both fundamental particles, hence point-like. model is the quark model. p â¢After the interaction the struck quarkâs four-momentum is Answers and Replies May 28, 2021 #2 ⢠The theorists caught up, with gauge theories of the electroweak and then strong interactions (QCD), to give us âasymptotic freedomâ and a framework for understanding scaling. a deuterium nucleus consists of one proton and one neutron. This is especially important in the protons and neutrons that make up atoms. Recall that β + decay is when a proton turns into a neutron emitting an positron and an electron neutrino; More specifically, a proton turns into a neutron because an up quark turns into a down quark . While exploring the particle's possible existence, researchers found Z(4430), an apparent four-quark particle. It is illustrated their power for studying the parton distribution of the photon and, specifically, for separating the quark and gluon components in events where dijets, jet-(gamma) pairs, and heavy quark pairs are produced. Being composed of an up and an antidown quark, the positive pion would be expected to have a mass about 2/3 that of a proton, yet its mass is only about 1/6 of that of the proton! Quark definition is - any of several elementary particles that are postulated to come in pairs (as in the up and down varieties) of similar mass with one member having a charge of +2/3 and the other a charge of â1/3 and are held to make up hadrons. 3. As they split, a down quark and an antidown quark are formed, leading to the final production of a Dâ meson and a Also, we regard electrons to have dual nature-particle and wave-like, although their composition is unknown. A sigma plus particle is a baryon which baryon will it eventually decay into. The transformations shown are the most probable for the quarks, but there are other possibilities. A pion or Ï meson is a meson, which is a subatomic particle made of one quark and one antiquark.. Both leptons and quarks are the individual fundamental particles. No, electrons cannot be made of quarks, per the understanding of MC Physics. Both are elementary particles and are made of the same quantized elect... In 2003, researchers in Japan found a strange particle, X(3872), that appeared to be made of a charm quark, an anticharm and at least two other quarks. subatomic particle - subatomic particle - Quarks and antiquarks: The baryons and mesons are complex subatomic particles built from more-elementary objects, the quarks. Electromagnetic Model of the Electron. 0.510 998 9461 (13) MeV/c 2: Mean lifetime: stable (same as electron) Electric charge +1 e Leptons and quarks are the basic building blocks of matter, i.e., they are seen as the "elementary particles". Dr. Christoph Caesar the model gives a correlation between spin and charge of the electron. With the mass density of a Strange quark being the same as that of a Down quark the volume occupied by the medium Strange quark would be 2.9264 cubic fermi (f³). STUDY OF THE FUNDAMENTAL STRUCTURE OF MATTER WITH AN ELECTRON-ION COLLIDER. Each one has an antiparticle also, i.e. Probing the Internal Structure of the Proton The protons and neutrons are the basic building blocks of atomic nuclei. The Fine Structure Constant reciprocal 137.035999209569 is an exact value based on the largest mutiple (472) between the proton and electron Compton wavelengths adjusted for the kinetic energy added by the photon. D= u+e+anti neutrino. A study of quasi-real photon structure at a future electron ion collider by Xiaoxuan Chu Supervisor: Prof. Xu Cai, Dr. E.C. No, they are not. As far as we know, electrons are considered fundamental particles. They are classified as a type of lepton, which is one of the e... No. As far as anyone has been able to discern up until this point, electrons are elementary particles - they have no internal structure. This may c... See the examples below. Which particles are not affected by the strong force? Degenerate matter is a highly dense state of fermionic matter in which the Pauli exclusion principle exerts significant pressure in addition to, or in lieu of thermal pressure. A formula for the electron may be constructed from these monopoles, this formula suggests that the charge distribution of the electron ⦠The quark is surely a wave system with an additional field of force. Two general rules for combining quarks to form hadrons are: Baryons are composed of three quarks, and antibaryons are composed of three antiquarks. 1 Quarks. The electron is relatively massless compared with the muon, and thus the electronic mode is greatly suppressed relative to the muonic one, virtually prohibited. 2 up quarks and 2 down quarks 2. Because it has a quark structure of up up down which is 2/3+ 2/3 -1/3 equalling +1. Quarks are more massive than electrons, with the lightest being nearly five times as massive. So if any, it would be the other way round, and in fa... we focus on current models of strange quark vector currents in the nucleon and the associated parity-violating elastic electron scattering experiments from which vector and axial-vector currents are extracted. The positive W* decays to a positron and an electron neutrino, and the negative W* to an electron and antineutrino as can be seen in the example reactions above. It is shown that a detailed treatment of the equilibrium composition of a quark liquid is crucial to the accurate evaluation of its neutrino emissivity. See the examples below. The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol e − or β −, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons, the most stable of which are protons and neutrons, the components of atomic nuclei. In an atomic nucleus, 8 MeV are necessary for removing one nucleon. 3.1 Baryons In the quark model, we can explain the properties of the nucleons, the delta particles, and other similar states as being composites | bound states of smaller, fundamental particles, called quarks. This reaction can happen in a neutron within an atom or a free-floating neutron. A distinctive yet intangible quality felt to be characteristic of a given thing: "What matters in literature ... is surely the idiosyncratic, the individual, the flavor or color of a particular human suffering" (Harold Bloom). Kiadtisak Saenboonruang. Quark Structure Show that the quark composition given in for is consistent with the known charge, spin, and strangeness of this baryon. The Standard Model of particle physics describes the universe in terms of Matter (fermions) and Force (bosons). Particles of matter transfer discre... A small Up quark has a mass of 50.2382 electron masses. Electron. the quark composition of a deuterium nucleus is 3 up quarks and 3 down quarks a monochromatic beam of light has a frequency of 7.69 x 10 (14) Hz. Quark version: In beta plus decay an up quark changes into down quark with the emission of a positron and a neutrino, while in beta minus decay a down quark changes into a up quark with the emission of an electron and an anti-neutrino. Most familiar will be the electron. A short summary of this paper. Protons and neutrons are both composed of three quarks and are thus Baryons. Proton has 2 up one down ,neutron has 2 d one up.When electron capture event a proton is changed into a neutron and a electron neutrino is radiated. Then quark is transformed in a down quark,the "nucleous quark" track the electron falling. Then 2μ U + μ D = 2.79285 and μ U + 2μ D = â1.9130 Dividing the second equation by 2 gives ½Î¼ U + μ D = â0.9565 8.3 Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering 262 8.4 Inelastic Electron-Proton Scattering 266 8.5 The Parton Model and Bjorken Scaling 269 8.6 Quark Distribution Functions 273 References and Notes 277 Problems 277 9 Quantum Chromodynamics 279 9.1 Feynman Rules for Chromodynamics 279 9.2 The Quark-Quark ⦠229 votes, 13 comments. More specifically, a proton turns into a neutron because an up quark turns into a down quark. Download Full PDF Package. The scattering of high-energy electrons from nuclear and nucleon targets provides a microscope for examining the structure of these tiny objects. Aschenauer, Dr. J.H. Reply. The current explanation of the proton is that it is composed of particles known as quarks.In most experiments, the proton is found to have three quarks, although a more exotic arrangement of five quarks has also been found when smashing particles together at very high energies.. One of the clever things about this scheme is that only integral charges result, even though the quarks have fractional charge. Quark Composition: β + decay. Quark Composition: β â decay 1 Recall that βâ decay is when a neutron turns into a proton emitting an electron and anti-electron neutrino 2 More specifically, a neutron turns into a proton because a down quark turning into an up quark More ... In particular, we focus on current models of strange quark vector currents in the nucleon and the associated parity-violating elastic electron scattering experiments from which vector and axial-vector currents are extracted. All commonly observable matter is composed of up quarks, down quarks and electrons. Kiadtisak Saenboonruang. The quark composition of a deuterium nu- cleus is 1. Up-Down Quark Model . The neutron has a quark composition of udd, and its charge quantum number is therefore: q(udd) = 2/3 + (-1/3) + (-1/3) = 0. Spherical electron as magnetic monopole Spherical electron from âquarkâ magnetic monopole Malcolm Macleod E-mail: mail4malcolm@gmx.de Proposed is a geometrical formula for a dimensionless magnetic monopole constructed from Planck time, elementary charge, -c and alpha, the ï¬ne structure constant. orbiting each other in the spherical wave. form for the differential cross section Can relate measured structure functions to the underlying quark ⦠Strategy is composed of two strange quarks and an up quark ( s u s ). The description applies to matter composed of electrons, protons, neutrons or other fermions. The nucleon consists of three quarks. 1. Explain the need for colour in forming bound states of quarks. With high brightness and tunable resolution, x-ray synchrotron light sources have enhanced the ability to characterize materials. Recall that β+ decay is when a proton turns into a neutron emitting an positron and an electron neutrino. (iii)â¬â¬â¬â¬Write down the quark composition of a proton. They are spin 1/2 particles called Fermions. ⢠Quark distributions within the nucleon ⢠Sum rules . Quark-hadron duality addresses some of the most fundamental issues in These flavours are called up and down.Quarks have charge, so two quarks of the same flavour (both up or both down) make a neutral pion. 55, 2005. There are 6 types of leptons: electron, electron neutrino, muon, muon neutrino, tau and tau neutrino. p _____ (5) (b) â¬â¬â¬â¬In the strong interaction, Kâ S : . crossSectionTotal = 2*Pi*Integrate[diffXSection2, {t, -s, 0}] Notice that up to the overall factor color factor 3 and the quark electric charge squared this result is identical to the total cross-section for the muon production in electron-positron annihilation. model is the quark model. In a standalone electron, in-wave amplitude (Planck charge) is reflected with a decreased longitudinal out-wave amplitude (elementary charge) for the electric force. Le muon est, selon le modèle standard de la physique des particules, une particule élémentaire de charge électrique négative, instable. With quarks, there is the further trouble that free quarks do not exist in nature, making experiments to probe their internal structure (if any) more difficult. Along with neutrons, protons make up the nucleus, held together by the strong force.The proton is a baryon and is considered to be composed of two up quarks and one down quark.. How many quarks in a baryon. From the previous study the mass of a small Up quark is 50.2382 electron masses. For the proton, these are one down quark and two up quarks. This paper. Weak interaction theory predicts that the fraction of muons decaying into electrons should be 1.28 x 10-4and the measured branching ratio is 1.23 +/- 0.02 x 10-4. The internal structure of the nucleons determines their fundamental properties, which in turn directly aï¬ect the properties of the nuclei. Beta minus decay is when an up quark turns into a down quark These images are displayed as structure functions and are interpreted rigorously in QCD. the electron model is singularity free . what is the energy of a photon of this light? Electrons occupy a space that surrounds an atom's nucleus. the Zº can couple/interact with an electron and a positron according to the diagram: Zº ->electron <-positron ... - Particles can have the same total spin but different quark composition. Xiaochao Zheng. This is only an hypothesis ! an antiquark. Structure of the electron. They are 6 in numbers, but each comes in 3 colors. Above: electron-quark elastic scattering . Electron beams have been used to probe the structure of the proton (and neutron) since the 1960s, with the most recent results coming from the high energy HERA electron-proton collider at DESY in Hamburg. expansion in the condensate parameters. Particles made from quarks are called Hadrons.Protons and neutrons are example for it. Protons and neutrons are both composed of three quarks and a... Here is the Standard Model. (Note: The Graviton particle is not yet confirmed). Everything in the world is made of these particles. They are called... HOME STRUCTURE OF THE ELECTRON QUARK THEORY GRAVITY ARTICLES IMPRESSUM: Download submitted article in PDF format: download. Quarks come in a variety of flavours, or types. Nature, 2014. However I am unsure how to represent this using quarks. Figure 5: The valence (up and down) quark, sea quark, and gluon distributions plotted as a function of x for fixed Q2 = 10 GeV2. Such a neutron would be very stable (no electron ⦠Six types of quark, together with their corresponding antiquarks, are necessary to account for all the known hadrons. 3.1 Baryons In the quark model, we can explain the properties of the nucleons, the delta particles, and other similar states as being composites | bound states of smaller, fundamental particles, called quarks. Beta minus decay is when an up quark turns into a down quark Les quarks s'associent entre eux pour former des hadrons, particules composites, dont les protons et les neutrons sont des exemples connus, parmi d'autres. 37 Full PDFs related to this paper. So, electron capture says that: proton + electron --> neutron + electron neutrino In terms of elementary particles, that ⦠A quark (/ k w ÉËr k, k w ÉËr k /) is a type of elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter. Composition: Elementary particle: Statistics: Fermionic: Generation: First: Interactions: Gravity, Electromagnetic, Weak: Symbol: e +, β + Antiparticle: Electron: Theorized: Paul Dirac (1928) Discovered: Carl D. Anderson (1932) Mass: m e. 9.109 383 56 (11) × 10 â31 kg 5.485 799 090 (16) × 10 â4 u. Xiaochao Zheng. pion; kaon Leptons. Structure of the nucleon core The core of the nucleon (or the nucleon proper if one considers the pion cloud to surround the nucleon rather than to be a part of it) consists of particles called quarks. If you combine three down quarks so that they have the same negative charge as an electron, what you have is a particle called a "delta minus".We know that is not the same thing as an electron because it is more than $2000$ times as massive as an electron, and ⦠Quarks are always found with other quarks (such as inside a proton), but electrons can be on their own. The particle chart shows you the different particles. But the total rest energy of the electron and positron(1.102 Mev) is less than the the total energy required to produce either the quark-antiquark pair or the muon-anti muon pair(211.4 Mev) Certainly if the annihilation happens at rest, i.e. â¢In this frame can also neglect the mass of the quark and any momentum transverse to the direction of the proton. mass of the electron, muon and tao leptons with respect to the quarks, could be suspected to be due to the only electromagnetic strongest interaction of these particles. The Standard model confirms that the proton and neutron consist of 3 confined quarks. Electrons have so far resisted all attempts to find a hint of internal structure. Compare with the electron-proton scattering cross section in terms of structure functions (equation (2) ): By comparing (5) and (6) obtain the parton model prediction for the structure functions in the general L.I. The radial distributions of electrostatic charge are found by sending The difference between leptons and quarks, is that leptons exist on their own, where quarks combine to form baryons. Further, the even smaller mass scales of the three neutrinos could be originated in the only weakly interacting character of them. However, neutrons are slightly more massive than protons—and this difference is crucial. However experimentally we know the upper limits of the radii of these particles, and they are very small indeed. Valence quarks (or constituent quarks) are quarks that determine the most important properties of a Hadron such as mass, momentum, electric charge and spin. This divided by the density of Down quark material gives the volume of medium Down quark as ⦠Quarks also carry electric charge, so that they will exchange virtual photons with one another when close enough, as in a nucleon. However, quarks also exchange another type of virtual particle with one another, this virtual particle is called the gluon. 4. 3 times 6 = 18 of these 53 MeV leptons amount to 954 MeV which is very close to the proton mass; six 53 MeV leptons therefore might generate or inhabit one quark of 318 MeV, e.g. Leptons. They provide important information about quark distributions. 0â¬â¬â¬â¬â¬â¬+â¬â¬â¬â¬â¬â¬K+â¬â¬â¬â¬â¬â¬+â¬â¬â¬â¬â¬â¬X, deduce the quark composition of, and state the type of, hadron represented by X. Each electron has an electrical charge of -1. The Higgs mechanism, recently verified at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), explains the origin of the masses of the fundamental particles (i.e., of the particles with no internal structure), including the electron and the quark, whilst the photon and the gluon remain massless. For a neutron its composition is two Down quarks and one Up quark. Their similar composition makes the mass they acquire from the strong force nearly identical. A proton is composed of two Up quarks and one Down quark. Mesons, all mesons contain a quark and an antiquark. Understanding how the nucleon is built in terms of underlying quark and gluon degrees Electrons are small. I know that a neutron is simply udd and that a proton is uud, but I don't know what an antineutrino's quark composition would be. The exact quote: "...the down quark is not an elementary particle, it is composed of an up quark and an electron.
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